Nrog kev txhawb nqa thiab kev siv cov khoom noj pellet hauv cov tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib, kev lag luam aquaculture, thiab kev lag luam tshiab xws li cov chiv sib xyaw, hops, chrysanthemum, ntoo chips, txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub, thiab paj rwb hmoov, ntau thiab ntau chav siv cov tshuab pellet ring die. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov mis pub thiab thaj chaw sib txawv, cov neeg siv muaj cov kev xav tau sib txawv rau cov khoom noj pellet. Txhua tus neeg tsim khoom noj xav tau cov khoom noj pellet zoo thiab qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom noj pellet uas nws tsim tawm. Vim muaj cov mis pub sib txawv, kev xaiv cov kev ntsuas ring die thaum nias cov khoom noj pellet no kuj txawv. Cov kev ntsuas feem ntau yog pom hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv, qhov loj ntawm lub qhov, cov duab ntawm lub qhov, qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib piv, thiab qhov qhib. Kev xaiv cov kev ntsuas ring die yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv ntawm ntau yam khoom siv raw uas ua rau cov mis pub. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv raw feem ntau suav nrog cov protein, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, rog, cellulose, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv raw feem ntau suav nrog qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me, dej noo, peev xwm, thiab lwm yam.
Cov tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib feem ntau muaj cov nplej thiab pob kws, nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov fiber tsawg. Nws yog cov khoom noj uas muaj hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Yuav kom nias hom khoom noj no, nws yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog gelatinized tag nrho thiab ua tau raws li qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov xwm txheej ua tiav. Lub thickness ntawm lub nplhaib tuag feem ntau yog tuab, thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog dav, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm feem ntau yog ntawm 1: 8-1: 10. Cov qaib thiab os broiler yog cov khoom noj muaj zog nrog cov rog ntau, yooj yim granulation, thiab ib nrab ntev thiab txoj kab uas hla loj ntawm 1:13.
Cov khoom noj hauv dej feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom noj ntses, cov khoom noj cw, cov khoom noj vaub kib mos mos, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom noj ntses muaj cov fiber ntau, thaum cov khoom noj cw thiab cov khoom noj vaub kib mos mos muaj cov fiber tsawg thiab cov protein ntau, uas yog cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau. Cov khoom siv hauv dej xav tau kev ruaj khov ntev ntawm cov khoom me me hauv dej, lub cheeb sib xws thiab qhov ntev zoo, uas xav tau qhov loj me me thiab qib siab ntawm kev siav thaum cov khoom siv raug granulated, thiab cov txheej txheem ua ntej-ripening thiab tom qab-ripening siv. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub nplhaib tuag siv rau cov khoom noj ntses feem ntau yog ntawm 1.5-3.5, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib piv feem ntau yog ntawm 1: 10-1: 12. Lub qhov ntau ntawm lub nplhaib tuag siv rau cov khoom noj cw yog ntawm 1.5-2.5, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ntev mus rau qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 11-1: 20. Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ntev mus rau qhov sib piv tau xaiv. Nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov ntsuas kev noj haus hauv cov mis thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev tsim ntawm lub qhov tuag tsis siv cov qhov stepped ntau li ntau tau nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub zog tso cai, yog li ntawd kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom txiav yog qhov ntev thiab txoj kab uas hla sib npaug.
Cov mis tshuaj chiv sib xyaw feem ntau muaj cov chiv inorganic, cov chiv organic thiab cov zaub mov. Cov chiv inorganic hauv cov chiv sib xyaw xws li urea muaj zog dua rau lub nplhaib tuag, thaum cov zaub mov muaj zog heev rau lub qhov tuag thiab lub qhov sab hauv ntawm lub nplhaib tuag, thiab lub zog extrusion siab heev. loj. Lub qhov txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov chiv sib xyaw feem ntau loj, xws li 3 txog 6. Vim yog qhov coefficient hnav loj, lub qhov tuag nyuaj rau tso tawm, yog li qhov ntev-rau-txoj kab uas hla piv yog me me, feem ntau ntawm 1: 4-1: 6. Cov chiv muaj cov kab mob, thiab qhov kub yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 50-60 degrees, txwv tsis pub nws yooj yim tua cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, cov chiv sib xyaw xav tau qhov kub qis dua, thiab feem ntau lub thickness ntawm lub nplhaib tuag yog nyias heev. Vim yog qhov hnav thiab tsim kua muag ntawm cov chiv sib xyaw ntawm lub nplhaib tuag, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub qhov txoj kab uas hla tsis nruj heev. Feem ntau, lub nplhaib tuag raug khawb thaum qhov sib txawv ntawm cov menyuam siab tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho. Yog li ntawd, qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov stepped yog siv los xyuas kom meej qhov sib piv thiab txhim kho lub neej ua haujlwm kawg ntawm lub nplhaib tuag.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov fiber ntau hauv hops yog siab thiab muaj cov kab mob, thiab qhov kub feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem tshaj 50 degrees, yog li lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub nplhaib tuag rau kev nias hops yog qhov nyias nyias, thiab qhov ntev thiab txoj kab uas hla luv luv, feem ntau yog li 1: 5, thiab lub cheeb ntawm cov khoom me me yog loj dua ntawm 5-6.
Cov paj noob hlis, cov plhaub taum pauv, cov hmoov nplej paj rwb, thiab cov sawdust muaj cov fiber ntau, cov fiber ntau dua 20%, cov roj tsawg, qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov khoom hla lub qhov tuag loj, kev ua haujlwm granulation tsis zoo, thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm cov granules yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Qis, nws nyuaj rau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua yog tias nws tuaj yeem tsim tau feem ntau, lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom me me yog qhov loj, feem ntau ntawm 6-8, thiab qhov sib piv feem ntau yog li 1: 4-1: 6. Vim tias hom pub no muaj qhov ceev me me thiab lub cheeb tsam loj ntawm lub qhov tuag, yuav tsum siv daim kab xev los kaw lub voj voog sab nraud ntawm thaj chaw lub qhov tuag ua ntej granulation, yog li cov khoom tuaj yeem sau tag nrho rau hauv lub qhov tuag thiab tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd daim kab xev raug rhuav tawm.
Rau kev ua cov khoom sib txawv, kev coj noj coj ua tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li txoj cai. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub nplhaib tuag thiab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua tus neeg tsim khoom pub. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev hloov kho rau cov xwm txheej hauv zos thiaj li tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom noj zoo.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Qhov Ua Rau Thiab Txoj Kev Txhim Kho Cov Khoom Me Me Txawv Txawv
Cov chaw tsim khoom noj feem ntau muaj cov pellets tsis zoo thaum tsim cov khoom noj, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov tsos thiab qhov zoo sab hauv ntawm cov pellets, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev muag khoom thiab lub koob npe nrov ntawm lub Hoobkas pub. Cov hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm cov laj thawj rau cov khoom tsis zoo uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov chaw tsim khoom noj thiab cov npe ntawm cov txheej txheem txhim kho:
| tus lej serial | Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov duab | ua rau | Nws raug pom zoo kom hloov |
| 1 | Muaj ntau qhov tawg ntawm sab nraud ntawm cov khoom nkhaus | 1. Lub tshuab txiav nyob deb dhau ntawm lub nplhaib tuag thiab blunt 2. Cov hmoov no tuab dhau lawm 3. Kev noj zaub mov nyuaj dhau lawm | 1. Tsiv lub tshuab txiav thiab hloov cov hniav 2. Txhim kho qhov kev nplua zoo ntawm cov khoom tawg 3. Ua kom qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov tuag ntev dua 4. Ntxiv cov suab thaj los yog rog |
| 2 | Cov kab nrib pleb kab rov tav tshwm sim | 1. Cov fiber ntev dhau lawm 2. Lub sijhawm tempering luv dhau 3. Av noo ntau dhau | 1. Tswj cov fiber fineness 2. Ntev lub sijhawm hloov kho 3. Tswj qhov kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab txo cov dej noo hauv tempering |
| 3 | Cov khoom me me tsim cov kab nrib pleb ntsug | 1. Cov khoom siv raw yog elastic, uas yog, nws yuav nthuav dav tom qab compression 2. Dej ntau dhau, cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim thaum txias 3. Lub sijhawm nyob hauv lub qhov tuag luv dhau lawm | 1. Txhim kho cov mis nyuj thiab ua kom cov khoom noj ceev dua 2. Siv cov pa qhuav uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub lauj kaub kom sov 3. Ua kom qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov tuag ntev dua |
| 4 | Cov kab nrib pleb ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb | Tshem cov noob pob kws loj loj (xws li ib nrab lossis tag nrho cov noob pob kws) | Tswj qhov kev sib tsoo zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm kev sib tsoo |
| 5 | Qhov nto ntawm cov khoom me me tsis sib npaug | 1. Muaj cov khoom siv raw loj, tsis kub txaus, tsis mos, tawm ntawm qhov chaw 2. Muaj cov npuas dej hauv cov pa, thiab tom qab ua kom cov npuas tawg thiab cov qhov tshwm sim | 1. Tswj cov khoom siv raw kom zoo thiab ua kom cov khoom sib npaug zoo 2. Txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov pa dej |
| 6 | Cov plaub muag | Cov pa dej ntau dhau, qhov siab ntau dhau, cov khoom me me tawm hauv lub nplhaib tuag thiab tawg, ua rau cov khoom siv fiber ntau tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab tsim cov plaub hau. | 1. Txo qhov siab ntawm lub pa dej, siv cov pa dej qis (15-20psi) quenching thiab tempering 2. Ua tib zoo saib seb qhov chaw ntawm lub valve txo qhov siab puas yog qhov tseeb |
| hom khoom siv | hom pub | Lub qhov ntawm lub nplhaib tuag |
| pub cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab | Φ2-Φ6 | |
| Cov tsiaj txhu pellets | pub zog siab | Φ2-Φ6 |
| Cov khoom noj hauv dej | pub zaub mov muaj protein ntau | Φ1.5-Φ3.5 |
| Cov Tshuaj Chiv Sib Xyaws | cov khoom noj uas muaj urea | Φ3-Φ6 |
| cov hmoov pob kws | cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau | Φ5-Φ8 |
| Cov noob chrysanthemum | cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau | Φ5-Φ8 |
| Cov plhaub taum pauv | cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau | Φ5-Φ8 |
| Cov noob paj rwb hull granules | cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau | Φ5-Φ8 |
| Cov hmoov av peat | cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau | Φ5-Φ8 |
| cov ntoo pellets | cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau | Φ5-Φ8 |
