Nūhou

Me ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hānai pellet i nā holoholona a me nā manu, ka ʻoihana mahiʻai wai, a me nā ʻoihana e kū mai ana e like me ka mea hoʻouluulu hui, hops, chrysanthemum, nā ʻāpana lāʻau, nā pūpū pīnati, a me ka palaoa pulupulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana e hoʻohana ana i nā wili pellet make apo. Ma muli o ke ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano hānai a me nā ʻokoʻa ʻāpana, loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohana nā koi like ʻole no ka hānai pellet. Pono kēlā me kēia mea hana hānai i ka maikaʻi o ka pellet a me ka pono pelleting kiʻekiʻe loa no ka hānai pellet āna e hana ai. Ma muli o nā ʻano hānai like ʻole, ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke koho ʻana o nā palena make apo i ke kaomi ʻana i kēia mau hānai pellet. Hōʻike nui ʻia nā palena i ke koho ʻana o ka mea, ke anawaena pore, ke ʻano pore, ka lakio hiʻohiʻona, a me ka lakio wehe. Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ke koho ʻana o nā palena make apo e like me ka haku mele kemika a me nā waiwai kino o nā mea maka like ʻole e hana ana i ka hana hānai. ʻO ka haku mele kemika o nā mea maka e pili ana i ka protein, starch, momona, cellulose, a pēlā aku. ʻO nā waiwai kino o nā mea maka e pili ana i ka nui o ka ʻāpana, ka makū, ka hiki, a pēlā aku.

ʻO ka meaʻai holoholona a me ka manu, aia ka palaoa a me ka kulina, me ka nui o ka starch a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka fiber. He meaʻai starch kiʻekiʻe ia. No ke kaomi ʻana i kēia ʻano meaʻai, pono e hōʻoia i ka gelatinized piha ʻana o ka starch a hoʻokō i nā kūlana mahana a me nā hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka make apo he mānoanoa maʻamau, a ʻo ka puka ākea he ākea, a ʻo ka lakio hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ma waena o 1: 8-1: 10. ʻO nā moa broiler a me nā duck he mau meaʻai ikehu kiʻekiʻe me ka nui o ka momona, maʻalahi ka granulation, a me ka hapalua lōʻihi a me ke anawaena ma waena o 1:13.

ʻO ka meaʻai wai e pili nui ana i ka meaʻai iʻa, ka meaʻai ʻōpae, ka meaʻai honu palupalu, a pēlā aku. Loaʻa i ka meaʻai iʻa ka nui o ka fiber maka, ʻoiai ʻo ka meaʻai ʻōpae a me ka meaʻai honu palupalu he haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka fiber maka a me ka nui o ka protein, nona ka meaʻai protein kiʻekiʻe. Pono nā mea wai i ke kūpaʻa lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana i loko o ka wai, ke anawaena kūlike a me ka lōʻihi maʻemaʻe, e pono ai ka nui o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pala ʻana i ka wā e granulated ai ka mea, a hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻina hana ma mua o ka pala ʻana a me ka pala ʻana ma hope. ʻO ke anawaena o ka make apo i hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai iʻa ma waena o 1.5-3.5, a ʻo ka laulā lakio hiʻohiʻona ma waena o 1:10-1:12. ʻO ka laulā puka o ka make apo i hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai ʻōpae ma waena o 1.5-2.5, a ʻo ka laulā lakio lōʻihi-a-diameter ma waena o 1:11-1:20. Ua koho ʻia nā palena kikoʻī o ka lakio lōʻihi-a-diameter. Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia e like me nā ʻōkuhi meaʻai i loko o ke ʻano a me nā koi o nā mea hoʻohana. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke ʻano o ka lua make i nā lua hehi e like me ka hiki ke hiki ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka ikaika e ʻae ai, i mea e hōʻoia ai he like ka lōʻihi a me ke anawaena o nā ʻāpana ʻoki.

ʻO ke ʻano hoʻohuihui hui ʻia he mea hoʻohuihui inorganic, mea hoʻohuihui organik a me nā minelala. ʻOi aku ka ʻino o nā mea hoʻohuihui inorganic i loko o nā mea hoʻohuihui hui e like me ka urea i ka make apo, ʻoiai he mea ʻino loa nā minelala i ka lua make a me ka lua cone o loko o ka make apo, a kiʻekiʻe loa ka ikaika extrusion. nui. ʻO ke anawaena o ka lua o ka make apo mea hoʻohuihui hui he nui ia, mai 3 a 6. Ma muli o ke koina nui o ke komo ʻana, paʻakikī ke hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lua make, no laila he liʻiliʻi ka lakio o ka lōʻihi a i ke anawaena, ma waena o 1:4-1:6. Loaʻa i ka mea hoʻohuihui ka bacteria, a ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 50-60 degere, inā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka pepehi ʻana i ka bacteria. No laila, pono ka mea hoʻohuihui hui i kahi mahana granulation haʻahaʻa, a ma ke ʻano laulā he lahilahi ka mānoanoa o ka paia o ka make apo. Ma muli o ke komo nui ʻana a me ka waimaka o ka mea hoʻohuihui hui ma ka lua make apo, ʻaʻole paʻa loa nā koi ma ke anawaena o ka lua. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ua ʻoki ʻia ka make apo i ka wā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hakahaka ma waena o nā wili kaomi. No laila, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka lua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hōʻoia i ka lakio hiʻohiʻona a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola lawelawe hope loa o ka make apo.

He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka fiber maka i loko o nā hops a he mau ʻano ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka mahana ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 degere, no laila he lahilahi ka mānoanoa o ka paia o ke apo make no ke kaomi ʻana i nā hops, a he pōkole ka lōʻihi a me ke anawaena, ma kahi o 1:5, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena o nā ʻāpana ma 5-6 ma waena.

ʻO ka Chrysanthemum, nā pūpū pīnati, ka palaoa pulupulu, a me ka sawdust he nui ka fiber maka, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka fiber maka ma mua o 20%, haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka aila, nui ke kūpaʻa friction o ka mea e hele ana ma ka lua make, ʻilihune ka hana granulation, a koi ʻia ka paʻakikī o nā granules. Haʻahaʻa, paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i nā koi inā hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke ʻano laulā, nui ke anawaena o ka ʻāpana, ma waena o 6-8, a ʻo ka lakio hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ma kahi o 1:4-1:6. No ka mea he liʻiliʻi ka nui o kēia ʻano hānai a he nui ke anawaena o ka lua make, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka lipine e sila i ka pōʻai waho o ka wahi lua make ma mua o ka granulation, i hiki ke hoʻopiha piha ʻia ka mea i loko o ka lua make a hana ʻia, a laila haehae ʻia ka lipine.

No ka granulation o nā mea like ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki ke hahai paʻa ʻia ka dogma. Pono e koho i nā palena make apo kūpono a me nā kūlana hana e like me nā ʻano granulation o ka mea a me nā ʻano kikoʻī o kēlā me kēia mea hana hānai. Ma ka hoʻololi wale ʻana i nā kūlana kūloko hiki ke hana ʻia ka hānai kiʻekiʻe.

Ke Kaʻina Hana o ka Nānā Kumu a me ka Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻĀpana ʻAno ʻole

Loaʻa pinepine nā pellets maʻamau ʻole i nā ʻāpana hana hānai i ka wā e hana ai i ka hānai, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ke ʻano a me ka maikaʻi o loko o nā pellets, a pēlā e hoʻopilikia ai i ke kūʻai aku a me ka inoa o ka hale hana hānai. Eia ka papa inoa o nā kumu no nā ʻāpana maʻamau ʻole e kū pinepine ana i nā hale wili hānai a me kahi papa inoa o nā ʻano hoʻomaikaʻi i manaʻo ʻia: