Indlela Yokunquma Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana Zokuphakelayo
Usayizi wezinhlayiya zokuphakelayo ubhekisela ekujiyeni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zokuphakelayo, izithasiselo zokuphakelayo, kanye nemikhiqizo yokuphakelayo. Njengamanje, indinganiso kazwelonke efanele "Indlela Yokusinga Yesivikelo Esinezingqimba Ezimbili Yokunquma Usayizi Wezinhlayiya Zokugaya Okuphakelayo" (GB/T5917.1-2008). Inqubo yokuhlola ifana nendlela yokuhlola ekhishwe yi-American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Ngokusho kokuqina kokusila kokudla, ukusila kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukusila okuqinile kanye nokusila okuqinile. Ngokuvamile, usayizi wezinhlayiya mkhulu kuno-1000 μm wokusila okuqinile, kanti usayizi wezinhlayiya ungaphansi kuka-600 μm wokusila okuqinile.
Inqubo yokuchoboza okuphakelayo
Kusetshenziswa kakhuluizigayo zokudlafaka izigayo zesando kanye nezigayo zedrama. Uma usebenzisa, udinga ukukhethwa ngokuya ngokukhipha kokuchoboza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nohlobo lokuphakelayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesigayo sesando, isigayo sedrama sinosayizi wezinhlayiya ezifanayo, ukusebenza okunzima kakhulu kanye nezindleko zomshini eziphakeme. Izigayo zesando zandisa ukulahleka komswakama kokusanhlamvu, zinomsindo, futhi zinezinhlayiya ezincane ezifanayo lapho zichoboza, kodwa izindleko zokufaka zingaba yingxenye yesigayo sedrama.
Ngokuvamile, izigayo zokudla zifaka uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-pulverizer,umshini wokugaya isandonoma umshini wokugaya izigubhu. Izifundo zamuva zibonise ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo eziningi kungathuthukisa ukufana kosayizi wezinhlayiya futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuchoboza kwezinyathelo eziningi kubhekisela ekuchobozeni nge-hammer mill bese kuba nge-drum mill. Kodwa-ke, idatha efanele ayitholakali kalula, futhi kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nokuqhathaniswa.
Umphumela Wobukhulu Bezinhlayiyana Emandleni Nasekugayweni Kwezakhamzimba Kokudla Okusanhlamvu
Izifundo eziningi zihlole ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezilungile kakhulu zokusanhlamvu kanye nomthelela wobukhulu bezinhlayiya ekugayweni kwamandla nezakhamzimba. Iningi lezincwadi ezinconywayo zobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezilungile kakhulu zavela ngekhulu lama-20, futhi kukholelwa ukuthi ukudla okunobukhulu bezinhlayiya obumaphakathi obungu-485-600 μm kungathuthukisa ukugaywa kwamandla nezakhamzimba futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezingulube.
Izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ezichotshoziwe zokusanhlamvu kuthuthukisa ukugayeka kwamandla. Ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya zikakolweni kusuka ku-920 μm kuya ku-580 μm kungandisa i-ATTD yesitashi, kodwa akunamthelela enanini le-ATTD le-GE. I-ATTD yezingulube ze-GE, DM kanye ne-CP ezidliwe ukudla kwebhari okungu-400μm yayiphezulu kuneyokudla okungu-700μm. Lapho usayizi wezinhlayiya zommbila wehla kusuka ku-500μm kuya ku-332μm, izinga lokuwohloka kwe-phytate phosphorus nalo landa. Lapho usayizi wezinhlayiya zommbila wehla kusuka ku-1200 μm kuya ku-400 μm, i-ATTD ye-DM, i-N, kanye ne-GE yanda ngo-5%, 7%, kanye no-7% ngokulandelana, futhi uhlobo lomshini wokugaya lungaba nomthelela ekugayekeni kwamandla kanye nezakhamzimba. Lapho usayizi wezinhlamvu zommbila wehla kusuka ku-865 μm kuya ku-339 μm, kwandise amazinga e-ATTD esitashi, i-GE, i-ME kanye ne-DE, kodwa akubanga nomthelela ekugayweni kwamathumbu okuphelele kwe-P kanye ne-SID ye-AA. Lapho usayizi wezinhlamvu zommbila wehla kusuka ku-1500μm kuya ku-641μm, i-ATTD ye-DM, i-N kanye ne-GE yayingakhushulwa. Amazinga e-ATTD kanye ne-ME e-DM, i-GE ezingulubeni ezidliwe ama-308 μm ama-DDGS ayephezulu kunalawo asezingulubeni ze-DDGS ezingama-818 μm, kodwa usayizi wezinhlayiya awuzange ube nomthelela ku-ATTD ye-N kanye ne-P. Le datha ikhombisa ukuthi i-ATTD ye-DM, i-N, kanye ne-GE ingathuthukiswa lapho usayizi wezinhlamvu zommbila wehliswa ngama-500 μm. Ngokuvamile, usayizi wezinhlayiya zommbila noma ama-DDGS ommbila awunawo umphumela ekugayweni kwe-phosphorus. Ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ezichotshozwayo zokudla kobhontshisi nakho kungathuthukisa ukugaywa kwamandla. Lapho usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-lupine wehla kusuka ku-1304 μm kuya ku-567 μm, i-ATTD ye-GE kanye ne-CP kanye ne-SID ye-AA nayo yanda ngokulandelana. Ngokufanayo, ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-red peas kungakhulisa nokugaya kwesitashi namandla. Lapho usayizi wezinhlayiya zesidlo se-soya wehla kusuka ku-949 μm kuya ku-185 μm, akuzange kube nomthelela ku-SID ejwayelekile yamandla, i-AA ebalulekile nengabalulekile, kodwa kwakhulisa i-SID ye-isoleucine, i-methionine, i-phenylalanine kanye ne-valine ngokulandelana. Ababhali baphakamise ukudla kwe-soya okungu-600 μm ukuze kube nokugaya okungcono kwe-AA, amandla. Ezinhlolweni eziningi, ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya kungandisa amazinga e-DE kanye ne-ME, okungase kuhlobane nokuthuthukiswa kokugaya kwesitashi. Ekudleni okunokuqukethwe okuphansi kwesitashi kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fiber, ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya zokudla kukhulisa amazinga e-DE kanye ne-ME, okungase kuhlobane nokunciphisa i-viscosity ye-digesta kanye nokuthuthukisa ukugaya kwezinto zamandla.
Umphumela Wobukhulu Bezinhlayiya Zokudla Ekuguleni Kwesilonda Sesisu Ezingulubeni
Isisu sengulube sihlukaniswe ngezindawo ze-glandular kanye nezingezona eze-glandular. Indawo engeyona eye-glandular iyindawo evame kakhulu ukuba nesilonda esiswini, ngoba i-mucosa yesisu endaweni ye-glandular inomphumela wokuvikela. Ukwehla kosayizi wezinhlayiya zokudla kungenye yezimbangela zesilonda esiswini, kanti uhlobo lokukhiqiza, ubuningi bokukhiqiza, kanye nohlobo lwendlu nakho kungabangela isilonda esiswini ezingulubeni. Isibonelo, ukwehla kosayizi wezinhlamvu zommbila kusuka ku-1200 μm kuya ku-400 μm, kanye nokusuka ku-865 μm kuya ku-339 μm kungaholela ekwandeni kwesilonda esiswini ezingulubeni. Ukwanda kwesilonda esiswini ezingulubeni eziphakelwa ngama-pellets angu-400 μm ubukhulu bezinhlamvu zommbila kwakuphakeme kunokwempuphu enosayizi ofanayo wezinhlamvu. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-pellets kuholele ekwandeni kwesilonda esiswini ezingulubeni. Uma sicabanga ukuthi izingulube zathola izimpawu zesilonda esiswini ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngemuva kokuthola ama-pellets amahle, khona-ke ukuphakela ama-pellets amakhulu izinsuku eziyi-7 nakho kunciphisa izimpawu zesilonda esiswini. Izingulube zisengozini yokutheleleka yi-Helicobacter ngemva kwesilonda esiswini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okuqinile kanye nokudla okumpuphu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-chloride esiswini kwanda lapho izingulube ziphakelwa ukudla okucoliwe kahle noma ama-pellet. Ukwanda kwe-chloride kuzophinde kukhuthaze ukwanda kwe-Helicobacter, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-pH esiswini. Imiphumela Yobukhulu Bezinhlayiya Zokudla Ekukhuleni Nokusebenza Kokukhiqiza Kwezingulube
Imiphumela Yobukhulu Bezinhlayiya Zokudla Ekukhuleni Nasekukhiqizeni Kwezingulube
Ukunciphisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu kungandisa indawo yokusebenza kwama-enzyme okugaya ukudla futhi kuthuthukise amandla kanye nokugayeka kokudla okunomsoco. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwanda kokugayeka kokudla akuhumushi ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokukhula, njengoba izingulube zizokwandisa ukudla kwazo ukuze zilungise ukuntuleka kokugayeka kokudla futhi ekugcineni zithole amandla eziwadingayo. Kubikwa ezincwadini ukuthi usayizi wezinhlayiya zikakolweni ofanele kakhulu ekudleni kwezingulube ezincane ezilunyuliwe kanye nezingulube ezikhuluphalisiwe u-600 μm kanye no-1300 μm, ngokulandelana.
Lapho usayizi wezinhlamvu zikakolweni wehla kusuka ku-1200μm kuya ku-980μm, ukudla okudliwayo kwakungandiswa, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokudla akuzange kube nomthelela. Ngokufanayo, lapho usayizi wezinhlamvu zikakolweni wehla kusuka ku-1300 μm kuya ku-600 μm, ukusebenza kahle kokudla kwezingulube ezikhuluphalisa ezingama-93-114 kg kungathuthukiswa, kodwa akuzange kube nomthelela ezingulubeni ezikhuluphalisa ezingama-67-93 kg. Kuwo wonke ukwehla kwezinhlamvu zommbila ezingama-100 μm, i-G:F yezingulube ezikhulayo yanda ngo-1.3%. Lapho usayizi wezinhlamvu zommbila wehla kusuka ku-800 μm kuya ku-400 μm, i-G:F yezingulube yanda ngo-7%. Izinhlamvu ezahlukene zinemiphumela ehlukile yokunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya, njengommbila noma amabele anosayizi wezinhlayiya ofanayo kanye nobubanzi bokunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ezifanayo, izingulube zikhetha ummbila. Lapho usayizi wezinhlamvu zommbila wehla kusuka ku-1000μm kuya ku-400μm, i-ADFI yezingulube yancishiswa futhi i-G:F yanda. Lapho usayizi wezinhlamvu zamabele wehla kusuka ku-724 μm kuya ku-319 μm, i-G:F yezingulube eziqedayo nayo yanda. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kokukhula kwezingulube eziphakelwa ukudla kwesoya okungu-639 μm noma okungu-444 μm kwakufana nokudla kwesoya okungu-965 μm noma okungu-1226 μm, okungase kube ngenxa yokwengezwa okuncane kokudla kwesoya. Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo ezilethwa ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya zokudla zizobonakala kuphela lapho ukudla kwengezwa ngesilinganiso esikhulu ekudleni.
Lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu kommbila wehla kusuka ku-865 μm kuya ku-339 μm noma kusuka ku-1000 μm kuya ku-400 μm, kanye nosayizi wokusanhlamvu wamabele wehla kusuka ku-724 μm kuya ku-319 μm, izinga lokuhlatshwa kwezingulube ezikhuluphalisa izidumbu lingathuthukiswa. Isizathu sokuhlaziya kungaba ukwehla kosayizi wokusanhlamvu, okuholela ekwehleni kwesisindo samathumbu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu kukakolweni wehla kusuka ku-1300 μm kuya ku-600 μm, akunawo umthelela esilinganisweni sokuhlatshwa kwezingulube ezikhuluphalisa. Kungabonakala ukuthi okusanhlamvu okuhlukene kunemiphumela ehlukene ekunciphiseni usayizi wezinhlayiya, futhi kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
Zimbalwa izifundo eziphathelene nomthelela wobukhulu bezinhlayiya zokudla esisindweni somzimba wengulube kanye nokusebenza kokukhula kwezingulube. Ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlamvu zommbila kusuka ku-1200 μm kuya ku-400 μm akunamthelela esisindweni somzimba kanye nokulahlekelwa amafutha emuva kwezingulube ezincelisayo, kodwa kunciphisa ukudla kwezingulube ngesikhathi sokuncelisa kanye nokwanda kwesisindo sezingulube ezincelisayo.