Nzira Yokuona Saizi Yezvikamu Zvekudya
Saizi yezvikamu zvechikafu zvinoreva ukobvu hwezvinhu zvechikafu, zvinowedzerwa zvekudya, uye zvigadzirwa zvechikafu. Parizvino, chiyero chenyika chakakodzera ndechekuti "Two-layer Sieve Sieving Method yekuona saizi yezvikamu zvechikafu zvinokuya" (GB/T5917.1-2008). Maitiro ekuyedza akafanana nenzira yekuyedza yakaburitswa neAmerican Society of Agricultural Engineers. Zvichienderana nekusimba kwekukuya kwechikafu, kupwanya kunogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: kupwanya kwakakora uye kupwanya kwakakora. Kazhinji, saizi yezvikamu yakakura kupfuura 1000 μm yekupwanya kwakakora, uye saizi yezvikamu iri pasi pe600 μm yekupwanya kwakakora.
Maitiro ekupwanya chikafu
Inowanzoshandiswazvigayo zvekudyisa chikafusanganisira magayo ehammer nemadhiramu. Pakushandisa, inoda kusarudzwa zvichienderana nekupwanya kunobuda, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye rudzi rwechikafu. Kana ichienzaniswa negayo rehammer, gayo rehammer rine saizi yezvikamu zvakafanana, kushanda kwakaoma uye mutengo wakakwira wemuchina. Magayo ehammer anowedzera kurasikirwa nehunyoro hwezviyo, ane ruzha, uye ane saizi yezvikamu zvishoma zvakafanana pakupwanya, asi mutengo wekuisa unogona kuva hafu yegayo rehammer.
Kazhinji, mafedhi anoisa mhando imwe chete yepulverizer,chigayo chenyundokana chigayo chedhiramu. Ongororo dzichangobva kuitwa dzakaratidza kuti kubatanidzwa kwematanho akawanda kunogona kuvandudza kufanana kwehukuru hwezvidimbu uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Kupwanya kwematanho akawanda kunoreva kupwanya nehammer mill uye wozoshandisa chigayo chedhiramu. Zvisinei, data rakakodzera harisi nyore, uye kutsvagurudza kwakawanda nekuenzanisa zvinodiwa.
Mhedzisiro yehukuru hwezvikamu pasimba uye kugayiwa kwezvinovaka muviri zvechikafu
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaongorora hukuru hwezviyo hwakakwana uye mhedzisiro yehukuru hwezviyo pakugayiwa kwesimba nezvinovaka muviri. Mazhinji emabhuku anokurudzirwa ehukuru hwezviyo akaonekwa muzana remakore rechi20, uye zvinotendwa kuti kudya neavhareji yehukuru hwezviyo hwe485-600 μm kunogona kuvandudza kugayiwa kwesimba nezvinovaka muviri uye kukurudzira kukura kwenguruve.
Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti kuderedza saizi yezvikamu zvegorosi zvakapwanywa kunovandudza kugayiwa kwesimba. Kuderedza saizi yezvikamu zvegorosi kubva pa920 μm kusvika pa580 μm kunogona kuwedzera ATTD yestarch, asi hazvina zvazvinoita pahuwandu hweATTD hweGE. ATTD yenguruve dzeGE, DM neCP dzakapihwa 400μm yebhari yakanga yakakwira kupfuura ye700μm yekudya. Saizi yezvikamu zvechibage payakadzikira kubva pa500μm kusvika pa332μm, mwero wekuora kwe phytate phosphorus wakawedzerawo. Saizi yezvikamu zvechibage payakadzikira kubva pa1200 μm kusvika pa400 μm, ATTD yeDM, N, neGE yakawedzera ne5%, 7%, uye 7% zvichiteerana, uye mhando yegrinder inogona kukanganisa kugayiwa kwesimba nezvinovaka muviri. Kana saizi yezviyo zvechibage yakadzikira kubva pa865 μm kusvika pa339 μm, yakawedzera ATTD yemazinga estarch, GE, ME neDE, asi haina kukanganisa kugayiwa kweP neSID yeAA mudumbu. Kana saizi yezviyo zvechibage yakadzikira kubva pa1500μm kusvika pa641μm, ATTD yeDM, N neGE yaigona kuwedzerwa. Mazinga eATTD neME eDM, GE munguruve dzakapihwa 308 μm DDGS aive akakwira kupfuura ari munguruve dzeDDGS dze818 μm, asi saizi yezviyo haina kukanganisa ATTD yeN neP. Data iri rinoratidza kuti ATTD yeDM, N, neGE inogona kuvandudzwa kana saizi yezviyo zvechibage yadzikira ne500 μm. Kazhinji, saizi yezviyo zveDDGS zvechibage haina kukanganisa kugayiwa kwephosphorus. Kuderedza saizi yezviyo zvechibage zvinopwanywa kunogonawo kuvandudza kugayiwa kwesimba. Kana saizi ye lupine yakadzikira kubva pa1304 μm kusvika pa567 μm, ATTD yeGE neCP neSID yeAA yakawedzerawo zvakananga. Saizvozvowo, kuderedza saizi ye red pics kunogonawo kuwedzera kugayiwa kwestarch nesimba. Kana saizi ye soybean pics yakadzikira kubva pa949 μm kusvika pa185 μm, hazvina kukanganisa avhareji yeSID yesimba, AA inokosha uye isiri yakakosha, asi zvakawedzera SID ye isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine uye valine zvakananga. Vanyori vakakurudzira 600 μm soybean meal kuti ive neAA yakanaka, simba rinogayiwa. Muzviedzo zvakawanda, kuderedza saizi ye strip kunogona kuwedzera DE neME levels, izvo zvingave zvine chekuita nekuvandudzwa kwe starch digestibility. Kune zvekudya zvine starch shoma uye fiber yakawanda, kuderedza saizi ye strip yekudya kunowedzera DE neME levels, izvo zvingave zvine chekuita nekuderedza viscosity ye digesta uye kuvandudza kugayiwa kwe energy substances.
Mhedzisiro yeSaizi yeZvidimbu zveChikafu paKukonzera Kubuda kweUlcer muNguruve
Dumbu renguruve rakakamurwa kuita nzvimbo dzeglandular nedzisiri dzeglandular. Nzvimbo isiri yeglandular inzvimbo inowanikwa maronda emudumbu zvakanyanya, nekuti mucosa yemudumbu iri munzvimbo yeglandular ine simba rekudzivirira. Kudzikira kwehukuru hwezvimedu zvekudya chimwe chezvikonzero zvemaronda emudumbu, uye mhando yekugadzirwa, huwandu hwekugadzirwa, uye rudzi rwemba zvinogonawo kukonzera maronda emudumbu munguruve. Semuenzaniso, kudzikira kwehukuru hwezvimedu zvechibage kubva pa1200 μm kusvika 400 μm, uye kubva pa865 μm kusvika 339 μm kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemaronda emudumbu munguruve. Kuwanda kwezvimedu zvemudumbu munguruve dzakapihwa mapellets e400 μm ehukuru hwezvimedu zvechibage kwaive kwakanyanya kupfuura kwehupfu hwezvimedu zvechibage zvakafanana. Kushandiswa kwezvimedu kwakonzera kuwanda kwezvimedu zvemudumbu munguruve. Tichifunga kuti nguruve dzakaratidza zviratidzo zvemaronda emudumbu mazuva manomwe mushure mekugamuchira mapellets akanaka, saka kupa zvimedu zvemaronda kwemazuva manomwe kwakaderedzawo zviratidzo zvemaronda emudumbu. Nguruve dzinogona kubatwa nehutachiona hweHelicobacter mushure mekuva nemaronda emudumbu. Zvichienzaniswa nechikafu chakakora uye chikafu cheupfu, kubuda kwechloride mudumbu kwakawedzera kana nguruve dzikadyiswa chikafu chakapwanywa zvakanaka kana mapellets. Kuwedzera kwechloride kuchaitawo kuti Helicobacter iwande, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwepH mudumbu. Mhedzisiro yehukuru hwezvimedu zvechikafu pakukura uye kugadzirwa kwenguruve.
Mhedzisiro yeSaizi yeChikafu paKukura uye Kubudirira kweNguruve
Kuderedza kukura kwetsanga kunogona kuwedzera nzvimbo inoshanda yema enzymes ekugaya chikafu uye kuvandudza simba nekudya zvinovaka muviri. Zvisinei, kuwedzera uku kwekugaya chikafu hakurevi kuti nguruve dzichawedzera kudya kwadzo kuti dzikwanise kugaya chikafu uye pakupedzisira dziwane simba radzinoda. Zvinotaurwa mumabhuku kuti saizi yakakwana yegorosi muzvikamu zvenguruve dzakarumurwa nenguruve dziri kukodzwa ndeye 600 μm uye 1300 μm, zvichiteerana.
Kana saizi yegorosi yadzikira kubva pa1200μm kusvika pa980μm, huwandu hwekudya hwaigona kuwedzerwa, asi kushanda kwekudya hakuna mhedzisiro. Saizvozvowo, kana saizi yegorosi yadzikira kubva pa1300 μm kusvika pa600 μm, kushanda kwekudya kwenguruve dzinokora 93-114 kg kwaigona kuvandudzwa, asi hazvina mhedzisiro panguruve dzinokora 67-93 kg. Pakudzikira kwega kwega kwe100 μm muhukuru hwegorosi, G:F yenguruve dziri kukura yakawedzera ne1.3%. Kana saizi yegorosi yadzikira kubva pa800 μm kusvika pa400 μm, G:F yenguruve yakawedzera ne7%. Tsanga dzakasiyana dzine mhedzisiro dzakasiyana dzekuderedza saizi yezvikamu, senge chibage kana mhunga ine saizi yezvikamu zvakafanana uye huwandu hwekuderedza saizi yezvikamu zvakafanana, nguruve dzinoda chibage. Kana saizi yegorosi yadzikira kubva pa1000μm kusvika pa400μm, ADFI yenguruve yakadzikira uye G:F yakawedzerwa. Saizi yesadza payakadzikira kubva pa724 μm kusvika pa319 μm, huwandu hwenguruve dzakapedza kudya hwakawedzerawo. Zvisinei, kukura kwenguruve dzakapihwa 639 μm kana 444 μm soybean kwakafanana ne965 μm kana 1226 μm soybean meal, izvo zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzerwa kudiki kwesadza resoya. Nokudaro, mabhenefiti anouya nekuderedzwa kwehukuru hwezvimedu zvekudya anongoonekwa chete kana chikafu chikawedzerwa muhuwandu hwakawanda mukudya.
Kana saizi yezviyo zvechibage yakadzikira kubva pa865 μm kusvika pa339 μm kana kubva pa1000 μm kusvika pa400 μm, uye saizi yezviyo zvemhunga yakadzikira kubva pa724 μm kusvika pa319 μm, huwandu hwekuurayiwa kwenguruve dzinokora hunogona kuvandudzwa. Chikonzero chekuongorora chingave kudzikira kwehukuru hwezviyo, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuremu hwedumbu. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti kana saizi yezviyo zvegorosi yadzikira kubva pa1300 μm kusvika pa600 μm, hazvina zvazvinoita pahuwandu hwekuurayiwa kwenguruve dzinokora. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zviyo zvakasiyana zvine mhedzisiro yakasiyana pakudzikira kwehukuru hwezvimedu, uye kutsvagurudza kwakawanda kunodiwa.
Kune zvidzidzo zvishoma pamusoro pemhedzisiro yehukuru hwezvimedu zvekudya pahuremu hwemuviri wenguruve uye mashandiro ekukura kwenguruve. Kuderedza hukuru hwezvimedu zvechibage kubva pa1200 μm kusvika pa400 μm hakuna zvakunokanganisa pahuremu hwemuviri uye kurasikirwa nemafuta emusana kwenguruve dzinoyamwisa, asi kunoderedza kudya kwenguruve panguva yekuyamwisa uye kuwedzera huremu hwenguruve dzinoyamwisa.