Indlela yokuQinisekisa ubungakanani beParticles yeFeed
Ubungakanani besuntswana lokutya bubhekisa kubukhulu bezinto ezikrwada zokutya, izongezo zokutya, kunye neemveliso zokutya. Okwangoku, umgangatho wesizwe ofanelekileyo "yiNdlela yokuSinga yeSisefo esinee-layer ezimbini yokuMisela ubungakanani besuntswana lokuSinga ukutya" (GB/T5917.1-2008). Inkqubo yovavanyo ifana nendlela yovavanyo ekhutshwe yi-American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Ngokwendlela yokutyumza ukutya, ukutyumza kunokwahlulwa kube ziintlobo ezimbini: ukutyumza okurhabaxa kunye nokutyumza okuncinci. Ngokubanzi, ubungakanani besuntswana bukhulu kune-1000 μm yokutyumza okurhabaxa, kwaye ubungakanani besuntswana bungaphantsi kwe-600 μm yokutyumza okuncinci.
Inkqubo yokutyumza ukutya
Isetyenziswa rhoqoiifektri zokutyaziquka ii-hammer mills kunye nee-drum mills. Xa usebenzisa, kufuneka ukhethwe ngokwemveliso yokutyumza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nohlobo lokutya. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-hammer mill, i-drum mill inobukhulu obufanayo bee-particles, ukusebenza okunzima ngakumbi kunye neendleko eziphezulu zomatshini. Ii-hammer mills zonyusa ukulahleka kokufuma kweenkozo, zinomsindo, kwaye zinobukhulu obufanayo bee-particles xa zityumza, kodwa iindleko zokufakela zinokuba sisiqingatha se-drum mill.
Ngokubanzi, iifektri zifaka uhlobo olunye kuphela lwe-pulverizer,isixhobo sokusila ngesandookanye isixhobo sokugalela idrama. Izifundo zakutshanje zibonise ukuba ukuhlanganiswa kwamanyathelo amaninzi kunokuphucula ukufana kobukhulu bamasuntswana kwaye kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukugalela kwamanyathelo amaninzi kubhekisa ekugaleleni ngesixhobo sokugalela ihamile uze emva koko ngesixhobo sokugalela idrama. Nangona kunjalo, idatha efanelekileyo ayifumaneki, kwaye kufuneka uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nothelekiso.
Impembelelo yobukhulu beenxalenye kumandla kunye nokucolwa kwezakhamzimba kwisondlo seenkozo
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zavavanya ubungakanani obufanelekileyo beenkozo kunye nempembelelo yobukhulu beenkozo ekugayweni kwamandla kunye nezondlo. Uninzi lweencwadi ezicetyiswayo zobukhulu beenkozo zavela kwinkulungwane yama-20, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba ukutya okunobukhulu obuphakathi beenkozo ezingama-485-600 μm kunokuphucula ukugaywa kwamandla kunye nezondlo kwaye kukhuthaze ukukhula kweengulube.
Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ukunciphisa ubungakanani beenkozo ezicoliweyo kuphucula ukugaywa kwamandla. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani beenkozo zengqolowa ukusuka kwi-920 μm ukuya kwi-580 μm kunokunyusa i-ATTD yesitatshi, kodwa akunampembelelo kwixabiso le-ATTD le-GE. I-ATTD yeehagu ze-GE, i-DM kunye ne-CP ezityiwe ukutya kwerhasi eyi-400μm yayiphezulu kuneyokutya kwe-700μm. Xa ubungakanani beenkozo zombona behla ukusuka kwi-500μm ukuya kwi-332μm, izinga lokuwohloka kwe-phytate phosphorus nalo landa. Xa ubungakanani beenkozo zombona behla ukusuka kwi-1200 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm, i-ATTD ye-DM, i-N, kunye ne-GE yanda nge-5%, i-7%, kunye ne-7% ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye uhlobo lwegrinder lunokuba nefuthe ekugayweni kwamandla kunye nezondlo. Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona behla ukusuka kwi-865 μm ukuya kwi-339 μm, bonyusa i-ATTD yamanqanaba esitatshi, i-GE, i-ME kunye ne-DE, kodwa ayizange ibe nefuthe ekugayweni kwamathumbu okupheleleyo kwe-P kunye ne-SID ye-AA. Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona behla ukusuka kwi-1500μm ukuya kwi-641μm, i-ATTD ye-DM, i-N kunye ne-GE inokwandiswa. Amanqanaba e-ATTD kunye ne-ME e-DM, i-GE kwiihagu ezondliwa nge-308 μm DDGS ayephezulu kunalawo kwiihagu ze-DDGS ze-818 μm, kodwa ubungakanani beqhekeza abuzange bube nefuthe kwi-ATTD ye-N kunye ne-P. Ezi datha zibonisa ukuba i-ATTD ye-DM, i-N, kunye ne-GE inokuphuculwa xa ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona buncitshiswa nge-500 μm. Ngokubanzi, ubungakanani beqhekeza lombona okanye i-DDGS yombona abunampembelelo ekugayweni kwe-phosphorus. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani beqhekeza lokutyumza lokutya kweembotyi kunokuphucula ukugaywa kwamandla. Xa ubungakanani besuntswana le-lupine bunciphile ukusuka kwi-1304 μm ukuya kwi-567 μm, i-ATTD ye-GE kunye ne-CP kunye ne-SID ye-AA nayo yanda ngokuthe ngqo. Ngokufanayo, ukunciphisa ubungakanani besuntswana lee-red peas kunokunyusa ukugaywa kwesitatshi kunye namandla. Xa ubungakanani besuntswana lesoya bunciphile ukusuka kwi-949 μm ukuya kwi-185 μm, akuzange kube nafuthe kwi-avareji ye-SID yamandla, i-essential kunye ne-non-essential AA, kodwa ngokuthe ngqo kwandisa i-SID ye-isoleucine, i-methionine, i-phenylalanine kunye ne-valine. Ababhali bacebisa isidlo sesoya se-600 μm ukuze kubekho i-AA efanelekileyo yokugaywa kwamandla. Kwiimvavanyo ezininzi, ukunciphisa ubungakanani besuntswana kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-DE kunye ne-ME, anokunxulumana nokuphuculwa kokugaywa kwesitatshi. Kwizidlo ezinomxholo ophantsi wesitatshi kunye nomxholo ophezulu wefayibha, ukunciphisa ubungakanani besuntswana bokutya kunyusa amanqanaba e-DE kunye ne-ME, anokunxulumana nokunciphisa i-viscosity ye-digesta kunye nokuphucula ukugaywa kwezinto zamandla.
Impembelelo yobungakanani beParticles yokutya kwiPathogenesis yeSilonda sesisu kwiihagu
Isisu sehagu sahlulwe saba yimimandla ye-glandular ne-non-glandular. Indawo engeyiyo ye-glandular yindawo exhaphake kakhulu yesilonda sesisu, kuba i-mucosa yesisu kwindawo ye-glandular inefuthe lokukhusela. Ukuncipha kobukhulu be-particle yokutya yenye yezizathu zesilonda sesisu, kwaye uhlobo lwemveliso, ubuninzi bemveliso, kunye nohlobo lwendlu nakho kunokubangela isilonda sesisu kwiihagu. Umzekelo, ukwehla kobukhulu bengqolowa yombona ukusuka kwi-1200 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm, kwaye ukusuka kwi-865 μm ukuya kwi-339 μm kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwesilonda sesisu kwiihagu. Ukwanda kwesilonda sesisu kwiihagu eziphakelwa iipellets ezingama-400 μm ubukhulu bengqolowa yombona kwakuphezulu kunokomgubo onobukhulu bengqolowa efanayo. Ukusetyenziswa kweepellets kubangele ukwanda kwesilonda sesisu kwiihagu. Ukucinga ukuba iihagu zibonakalise iimpawu zesilonda sesisu kwiintsuku ezisi-7 emva kokufumana iipellets ezintle, ngoko ukondla iipellets ezirhabaxa iintsuku ezisi-7 kwanciphisa neempawu zesilonda sesisu. Iihagu zisengozini yosulelo lweHelicobacter emva kwesilonda sesisu. Xa kuthelekiswa nokutya okurhabaxa kunye nokutya okumpuphu, ukukhutshwa kwe-chloride esiswini kwanda xa iihagu zinikwa ukutya okucoliweyo okanye iipellets. Ukwanda kwe-chloride kuya kukhuthaza ukwanda kweHelicobacter, okubangela ukwehla kwe-pH esiswini. Iziphumo zobungakanani be-Thyth Particles ekukhuleni nasekusebenzeni kwemveliso yeehagu.
Iziphumo zobungakanani beParticles yokutya ekukhuleni nasekusebenzeni kwemveliso yeehagu
Ukunciphisa ubungakanani bengqolowa kunokunyusa indawo yokusebenza kwee-enzymes zokugaya ukutya kwaye kuphucule amandla kunye nokucolwa kwezakhamzimba. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunyuka kokucolwa kokutya akuthethi ukuba ukukhula kuya kuphucula ukusebenza, njengoko iihagu ziya kwandisa ukutya kwazo ukuze zibuyisele ukungondleki kakuhle kwaye ekugqibeleni zifumane amandla eziwadingayo. Kubikwa kwiincwadi ukuba ubungakanani obufanelekileyo beentwana zengqolowa kwizabelo zeehagu ezilunyulweyo kunye neehagu ezityetyisiweyo yi-600 μm kunye ne-1300 μm, ngokwahlukeneyo.
Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa bunciphile ukusuka kwi-1200μm ukuya kwi-980μm, ukutya okutyiwayo kunokwandiswa, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya akubanga nampembelelo. Ngokufanayo, xa ubungakanani bengqolowa bunciphile ukusuka kwi-1300 μm ukuya kwi-600 μm, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya kweehagu ezityebisayo ezingama-93-114 kg kunokuphuculwa, kodwa akubanga nampembelelo kwiihagu ezityebisayo ezingama-67-93 kg. Kwi-100 μm nganye yokunciphisa ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona, i-G:F yeehagu ezikhulayo inyuke nge-1.3%. Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona bunciphile ukusuka kwi-800 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm, i-G:F yeehagu inyuke nge-7%. Iinkozo ezahlukeneyo zinemiphumo eyahlukeneyo yokunciphisa ubungakanani bentwana, njengombona okanye i-sorghum enobukhulu bentwana obufanayo kunye noluhlu olufanayo lokunciphisa ubungakanani bentwana, iihagu zikhetha umbona. Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona bunciphile ukusuka kwi-1000μm ukuya kwi-400μm, i-ADFI yeehagu yancitshiswa kwaye i-G:F yonyusiwe. Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa ye-sorghum behla ukusuka kwi-724 μm ukuya kwi-319 μm, i-G:F yeehagu ezigqityiweyo nayo yanda. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kokukhula kweehagu ezityiwe nge-639 μm okanye i-444 μm yesidlo sesoya kwakufana nokwe-965 μm okanye i-1226 μm yesidlo sesoya, okunokubangelwa kukongezwa okuncinci kwesidlo sesoya. Ke ngoko, iingenelo eziziswa kukunciphisa ubungakanani bentwana yokutya ziya kubonakala kuphela xa ukutya kongezwa ngobuninzi ekutyeni.
Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona bunciphile ukusuka kwi-865 μm ukuya kwi-339 μm okanye ukusuka kwi-1000 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm, kwaye ubungakanani bengqolowa ye-sorghum bunciphile ukusuka kwi-724 μm ukuya kwi-319 μm, izinga lokuxhelwa kweehagu ezityebileyo linokuphuculwa. Isizathu sohlalutyo sisenokuba kukuncipha kobukhulu bengqolowa, okukhokelela ekwehleni kobunzima bamathumbu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba xa ubungakanani bengqolowa yengqolowa bunciphile ukusuka kwi-1300 μm ukuya kwi-600 μm, ayinampembelelo kwizinga lokuxhelwa kweehagu ezityebileyo. Kuyabonakala ukuba iinkozo ezahlukeneyo zinempembelelo eyahlukileyo ekunciphiseni ubungakanani bamasuntswana, kwaye kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya.
Zimbalwa izifundo ezibonisa impembelelo yobukhulu bentwana yokutya kubunzima bomzimba wehagu kunye nokusebenza kokukhula kweentsana zeehagu. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona ukusuka kwi-1200 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm akunampembelelo kubunzima bomzimba kunye nokulahleka kwamafutha emqolo kwiimazi ezincancisayo, kodwa kunciphisa ukutya kweemazi ngexesha lokuncancisa kunye nokwanda kobunzima beehagu ezincancisayo.